POLICY
Trump Bans Exports of America's Own Mineral Scrap. The Recycling War Has Begun.
September 2010.
n 1942, Franklin Roosevelt asked every family in America to donate their scrap metal. Pots, pans, car bumpers, iron fences. Kids pulled old radiators out of basements and piled them on the curb. The country was at war, and it needed every ounce of steel it could find.
Eighty-four years later, the White House is making the same case. Only this time, the scrap is inside your dead phone. On July 30, President Trump signed an order under the Defense Production Act. It gives Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick the power to block exports of what the White House calls "recoverable critical minerals and materials."
That means black mass from old batteries. Dead rare earth magnets. Swarf — the fine metal shavings left over when magnets get cut and shaped. Any junk that holds critical minerals.
The logic is simple. The U.S. already sits on huge amounts of rare earths. They're locked inside phones, laptops, EV battery packs, and retired military gear. But instead of recovering them at home, much of that scrap gets shipped overseas — often to China.
There it's refined and sold right back to American buyers at a markup. The new order is designed to stop that loop.
That's because new mines take years to build. The Pentagon knows this. So does Trump.
Ten days before the export ban, he signed a separate order cutting off defense contractor waivers. Starting January 1, 2027, weapons makers can no longer buy rare earths, magnets, tungsten, or tantalum from China, Russia, Iran, or North Korea. If a company can't show it tried to buy from friendly nations, it risks losing the contract. Full stop.
Which means the clock is running. Defense firms are five months away from a hard deadline. Domestic magnet output is still a tiny share of what the military needs.
Recycling is the fastest way to close the gap. A Cirba Solutions survey this month found that 84% of Americans would recycle old electronics if they knew it helped cut foreign mineral imports. The demand is there. The supply is sitting in desk drawers and dumps across the country.
The question now is speed. Commerce still needs to write the rules that turn this order into real export controls. That could take months. But the direction is clear.
Think about what just happened in ten days. On July 20, Trump told defense firms they can no longer hide behind waivers to buy Chinese minerals. On July 30, he told the rest of the country to stop shipping its mineral scrap out the door.
Two orders. One message. Keep it here.
Washington spent years talking about building a rare earth supply chain from scratch. Now it's trying to keep the minerals it already has from leaving the country. The scrap drive is back. The stakes are higher.
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ALSO THIS WEEK
RECYCLING
ERI and Cyclic Materials Build the Country's Largest Rare Earth Recovery Network
On July 21, electronics recycler ERI and Cyclic Materials signed a deal to build one of the biggest rare earth recycling systems in the country. ERI handles more than a million pounds of e-waste a day across eight plants. Under the deal, it will sort and prep old electronics that hold magnets, then send them to Cyclic Materials for rare earth recovery.
The oxides go right back into new magnets. Keep the minerals here. Process them here. Use them here. That's the whole idea behind the White House export ban — and this deal shows the model already taking shape.
DEALS
USA Rare Earth Takes a 13.6% Stake in France's Carester
USA Rare Earth closed a deal on July 23 to buy a 13.6% stake in Carester, a French rare earth processor. InfraVia's Critical Metals Fund took a matching share. Carester's Caremag plant in Lacq, France, is set to come online in late 2026. It will be the hub of a new European rare earth system.
The deal gives Carester access to ore from USA Rare Earth's Serra Verde mine in Brazil and Round Top in Texas. That's two mines on two continents feeding one refining plant in France — a supply chain built to skip China.
SUPPLY CHAIN
China's Magnet Shipments to the U.S. Fell 20% in the First Half Despite the Trade Truce
Bloomberg reported that China shipped about 20% fewer rare earth magnets to the U.S. in the first half of 2026. That's compared to the 2022–2024 average, before Beijing cut supply during the tariff war. The truce was meant to fix this. It hasn't.
At the same time, Chinese magnet exports to Europe jumped 28% in the first two months of the year. Europe's share rose to 44% of China's total magnet sales. More magnets to Europe. Fewer to America. The U.S. has less to work with either way.
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"Critical minerals have been weaponized by China, who has a dominant position, and we need to break that chokehold."
Howard Lutnick, U.S. Secretary of Commerce — Senate testimony on FY2027 budget
April, 2026
Gd
GADOLINIUM
The Element Inside Every MRI Machine
If you've ever had an MRI scan, gadolinium helped make the image. Doctors inject it because it lights up soft tissue that would stay hidden without it. It also soaks up neutrons better than almost any other element. That makes it key for nuclear reactor control rods.
China put gadolinium on its 2025 export control list along with samarium, terbium, and dysprosium. The metal trades at about $61.73/kg on the SMM benchmark as of July 1, 2026, up 12.8% from June. Easy to miss — until you can't get it.
AROUND THE MARKET
REalloys and JS Link Sign LOI for Integrated North American Magnet Platform
REalloys (NASDAQ: ALOY) and South Korea's JS Link (KOSDAQ: 127120) signed a letter of intent on July 7. The plan: build a full rare earth magnet supply chain in North America. Raw material, refining, metal alloys, and finished magnets — all in one system. If it goes ahead, it would be one of the first non-Chinese setups that covers every step from dirt to magnet.
— GlobeNewswire, July 7, 2026
USA Rare Earth Produces Dy and NdPr Oxides from Recycled Magnet Swarf
USA Rare Earth's plant in Wheat Ridge, Colorado turned magnet scrap into the real thing — high-grade dysprosium oxide and NdPr oxide. The scrap came from its own Stillwater, Oklahoma magnet factory, where cutting and shaping leaves behind fine metal dust called swarf. The company says this kind of recycling could supply up to 30% of its future rare earth oxide needs. That's a big number from what most firms throw away.
— GlobeNewswire, July 14, 2026
NdPr and Dysprosium Prices Surged Again in July
Inside China, prices jumped hard in July. Neodymium metal hit $145.88/kg on the SMM benchmark, up 19.6% from June. Dysprosium rose 25.4% to $261.63/kg. Terbium climbed 21.6% to $1,179.54/kg — a new 2026 high. The pattern is clear: heavy rare earths are the ones moving fastest, and they're the ones the West has the least of.
— Shanghai Metals Market / rare-earth-mining.com, July 1, 2026
CSIS: January 2027 Defense Deadline May Not Be Achievable
CSIS warned that the January 1, 2027 deadline may not be doable. That's when defense firms must stop buying rare earths from China. In its April 2026 report, the think tank counted more than $7.3 billion in funds spread across five agencies — real money, not just talk. But spending isn't the same as producing. New plants take time to build, and output still trails the need by a wide margin.
— CSIS, July 2026




